Experience of racism linked with poorer memory and thinking: Researchers

Research presented on Monday (1) at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC) in San Diego across two presentations suggest people who experience racism are more likely to have poor memory and thinking in both midlife and old age, Alzheimer's Research UK said in a press release that highlighted abstracts from the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC) 2022, San Diego, the US.

In a study of 942 participants, researchers from Columbia University measured discrimination using the Major Experiences of Discrimination Scale. Over half of participants were Latin Americans, 23 per cent were black and 19 per cent white adults.

Researchers found that exposure to institutional racism and racism between persons was associated with lower memory scores. This association was highest in black participants.

Experiences of structural racism were associated with a type of long-term memory which involves the recollection of events, known as lower episodic memory, among all racial and ethnic groups included in the study.

In a second study, scientists from University of California looked at experience of discrimination in a study of Asian, Black, Latino, white, and multi-racial participants who were over the age of 90.

Those who experienced wide-ranging discrimination throughout life had lower semantic memory in late life compared to those who experienced little to no discrimination. Semantic memory is the ability to recall words and is essential for language.

However, in the study of 445 people, the rate of cognitive decline over an average of 1.2 years didn’t change between groups of participants.

Speaking about the findings, Dr Rosa Sancho, head of research from Alzheimer’s Research UK, said, “So far, there’s been limited research into whether experiencing racism impacts someone’s risk of developing dementia, so these findings begin to fill in that gap. However, while they suggest that experiencing racism is associated with poorer memory and thinking at two different life stages, the study only followed people up for around a year, so it doesn’t draw conclusions about someone’s risk of subsequently developing dementia.

“A person’s dementia risk is a mix of age, genetics, and other lifestyle factors. Although latest estimates find that 40 per cent of all dementia cases could be prevented research is constantly uncovering more about dementia and moving our understanding forward. Larger studies are required to paint a clearer picture at how people’s experience of racism may affect known risk factors for dementia.

“We know that dementia does not affect everyone equally, age, sex, race to name but three and targeting these health and research inequalities remains a priority for Alzheimer’s Research UK. There’s clearly much to do here but it’s great to see research like this being presented at a leading Alzheimer’s conference, so that there can be an open discussion about these issues. Alzheimer’s Research UK wants to fund the best research, that is representative of all people living with dementia, to learn more about how to tackle health inequalities - and we need to reach more communities in new and different ways.”