Skip to content 
Search

Latest Stories

Monsoon Project: India and UK scientists collaborate

BRITISH and Indian scientists have collaborated as part of an ambitious £8 million joint project to gain a greater understanding of the southern Asian monsoon and its effects on the world’s climate.One such initiative called Incompass, part of a large-scale observational campaign, saw UK and Indian scientists use a state-of-the-art research aircraft in the past two months to take atmospheric measurements of the summer monsoon.

Dr Andrew Turner, from the University of Reading, led the Incompass project in May and June in India. He spoke to Eastern Eye about the work his team did with their Indian counterparts.


“In Incompass, we were particularly interested in how the structure of the atmosphere, and the clouds within it, change in response to changes at the [earth’s] surface. The observations collected will help us to better understand why there are errors in our weather and climate forecast models for the monsoon, and eventually lead to better models,” said Dr Turner.

His 10-member team used a special Faam research aircraft, which can carry up to 20 people and instruments, from the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), for their work. Scientists from UK universities, the centre for Ecology and Hydrology and the Met Office flew research flights for 25 days, from their base in Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh state in the northern plains, the Ganges basin region of India and from an airport in Bangalore in the south.

More than half of India’s farmers lack irrigation for their crops, which means they are almost entirely dependent on the annual rains that fall in intense bursts from June until September.

The effects of the monsoon play a vital role in shaping India’s economy. The GDP growth, food prices, consumer spending and interest rates are all sectors that can be influenced by the rains. After an above-normal monsoon, the country’s GDP can rise to eight per cent, with substantial benefits to the economy.

However, evidence from the past 25 years suggests that the Indian monsoon is growing less stable. Signs are tentative, and predicting monsoon behaviour is difficult. Previously a lack of devices for recording and sharing data has hampered scientists’ work.

More precise predictions of the monsoon, which sweeps up from the Indian Ocean, can also help hundreds of millions better prepare for droughts and floods.

A lecturer of monsoon systems at Reading, Dr Turner explained how they were able fly at sometimes low levels in India. One of the things they were particularly interested in was the contrasting surface conditions across the country, how these affect the atmosphere above it, and therefore the development of monsoon storms.

“To the west [starting from northern India in Lucknow], we were able to fly to Jaipur and Jodhpur and beyond. This moved us out of the fertile Ganges basin and towards much drier regions that receive less rainfall. There is irrigation to support farming, of course, and in the drier regions, this often comes from groundwater that is pumped to the surface from aquifers. But the more one gets towards Jodhpur and beyond, one approaches the desert regions and agriculture is much reduced,” said Dr Turner.

The Incompass project is among a number of ongoing UK-India science and research collaborations involving UK universities and Indian scientists. Incompass was able to interact with the BoBBLE project which saw scientists from the University of East Anglia (UEA) release special underwater robots from the Indian research ship, Sindu Sadhana, to study how ocean processes influence monsoon rainfall.

“We were lucky enough to get the chance to overfly the BoBBLE ship. It was a great opportunity to take measurements at the same time for different levels in the atmosphere from the aircraft and they could measure ocean currents,” said Dr Turner.

Ben Webster, a researcher from UEA, said about the BoBBLE project: “We have already seen some interesting oceanographic features, including the very strong temperature contrast between the surface and deep ocean, some large internal waves travelling deep beneath the ocean surface and very rapid changes in salinity about 100 metres beneath the surface. Analysis of all of these features and their interaction with the weather conditions will be the subject of ongoing work.”

Beamed backed to scientists via satellite signals, the research will be used to create computer models of the ocean to determine how it affects weather and rainfall over India.

India’s meteorology office is also reportedly spending millions of dollars on a new super computer to predict how the monsoon is likely to develop each year.

More For You

Spain earthquakes

Almería airport sustained damage in its departures lounge

CSmonitor

Spain earthquakes: What we know about the 5.4-magnitude tremor that shook tourist regions

Highlights:

  • A 5.4-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Almería, southern Spain, at 7.13 am on Monday
  • The tremor was felt in over 50 towns, including tourist destinations like Malaga
  • No injuries have been reported, but building damage occurred in airports and showrooms
  • The quake follows a weekend of floods and severe weather in Spain
  • No UK Foreign Office travel warnings have been issued, but travellers are advised to check local alerts

Southern Spain was rocked by a 5.4-magnitude earthquake on the morning of Monda,y 14 July, with tremors felt across several provinces, including popular tourist destinations.

The earthquake struck at 7.13 am off the coast of Almería, nearly two miles below sea level, according to Spain’s National Geographic Institute (IGN). Despite its intensity, there have been no reported injuries, although some structural damage has occurred.

Keep ReadingShow less
Air India flight crash
Air India's Boeing 787-8 aircraft, operating flight AI-171 to London Gatwick, crashed into a medical hostel complex shortly after take-off from Ahmedabad on June 12.
Getty Images

Air India chief says crash report opens new questions, no conclusions yet

A PRELIMINARY report into last month's Air India plane crash that killed 260 people has raised further questions, and the investigation is still ongoing, Air India CEO Campbell Wilson said in a memo to staff on Monday.

The initial report, released by India’s Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) on Saturday, pointed to confusion in the cockpit shortly before the Boeing 787 Dreamliner crashed.

Keep ReadingShow less
Donald Trump Jr and girlfriend Bettina Anderson

Donald Trump Jr and Bettina Anderson turn heads with intense PDA before Trump’s Club World Cup appearance

Getty Images

Donald Trump Jr and girlfriend Bettina Anderson flaunt PDA ahead of FIFA Club World Cup final​

Highlights:

  • Donald Trump Jr and Bettina Anderson were seen getting intimate at Teterboro Airport before heading to the FIFA Club World Cup final.
  • The couple matched in white shirts and embraced publicly while awaiting President Donald Trump and Melania Trump.
  • Anderson defended Don Jr online earlier this year after a New York Magazine article criticised him.
  • Trump Jr’s ex-fiancée Kimberly Guilfoyle was recently appointed US Ambassador to Greece, while ex-wife Vanessa is now dating Tiger Woods.

Donald Trump Jr and his girlfriend Bettina Anderson turned heads over the weekend with an unabashed public display of affection on the tarmac in Teterboro, New Jersey, just before President Trump and Melania Trump landed ahead of the FIFA Club World Cup final. The couple, who have been together since mid-2024, looked inseparable as they hugged, kissed, and held hands openly, seemingly unconcerned by the presence of others or nearby cameras.

 Donald Trump Jr and girlfriend Bettina Anderson All eyes on Donald Trump Jr and Bettina Anderson as their PDA grabs attention before Trump’s arrivalGetty Images

Keep ReadingShow less
Trump-Getty

Trump will become the first elected political leader in modern times to be hosted for two state visits by a British monarch. (Photo: Getty Images)

Getty Images

King Charles to host Donald Trump for state visit in September

KING CHARLES will host US president Donald Trump in September for a second state visit to Britain, Buckingham Palace announced on Monday.

The visit is scheduled to take place from 17 to 19 September.

Keep ReadingShow less
southend london plane crash

A plume of black smoke rises from an area near the runway after a small plane crash, as seen from inside a building at London Southend Airport on July 13, 2025. (Photo: Reuters)

Reuters

Southend Airport closed after plane crash

LONDON Southend Airport in Essex has been closed until further notice after a small plane crashed at the airport on England’s south-east coast on Sunday, according to police.

In a post on X, London Southend Airport said all flights to and from the airport have been cancelled while emergency services, police, and air accident investigators are at the scene.

Keep ReadingShow less