OLDER south Asians have been urged to get their hearts checked as it is estimated that 1.5 million Asians may be living with undiagnosed heart valve disease (HVD) – a serious condition that can lead to heart failure or death, if left untreated.
HVD occurs when one or more valves in the heart do not work properly. Symptoms such as breathlessness, tiredness and dizziness are often mistaken for normal signs of ageing.
But early diagnosis can lead to life-saving treatments, including surgery or newer, less invasive procedures like TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation).
However, statistics show that south Asian and black patients are less likely to be diagnosed or treated for the condition.
A recent study found just three per cent of TAVI procedures were performed on black or Asian British patients, while among white patients, the corresponding figure was 96 per cent. South Asian patients were also less likely to receive aortic valve replacements in a timely manner, with 55 per cent treated compared to 65 per cent of white patients.
In order to tackle this health gap, a ‘Your Heart Matters’ truck (right) is travelling to key locations offering free heart checks, especially targeting older people in Asian communities.
Stops include Cardiff (Roald Dahl Plass, Cardiff Bay next Wednesday, 7); Slough (Asda Superstore next Friday, 9); Leicester (Clock Tower on May 13 and Newcastle (Asda Byker Superstore on May 16).
Dr Nav Chandra, consultant cardiologist at Wexham Park Hospital, said, “We want to reach out to the south Asian community. Many face language struggles, modesty concerns, or simply don’t realise how serious these symptoms are.”
Cardiologists said cultural, language and access barriers may prevent south Asians from seeking help. In Slough, where 50 per cent of the population is Asian, less than five per cent of patients in specialist HVD clinics are of south Asian origin.
Slough MP Tan Dhesi said, “Heart valve disease is both common and serious. However, with screening, prompt diagnosis and timely intervention, it’s treatable and lives can be saved. There are many treatment options available beyond open heart surgery, which can help patients maintain a good quality of life. It’s crucial to continue raising awareness about the symptoms and the importance of regular check-ups to detect heart valve disease early.”
New neurons continue forming in the brain’s hippocampus into old age
Study confirms presence of neural progenitor cells in adults
DNA carbon dating and single-nucleus RNA sequencing were used
Research shows variation in neuron production between individuals
Findings could aid treatments for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders
Human brain shows ongoing neuron formation into older age
A new study has confirmed that the human brain continues to produce new nerve cells well into late adulthood, challenging previous assumptions about age-related decline in neurogenesis. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide fresh insight into how adaptable the brain remains over a lifetime.
Neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons form in the brain, is known to occur in the hippocampus — a region involved in memory. While previous research has suggested that this process continues throughout life, there has been limited concrete evidence of the presence of neural progenitor cells in the adult brain.
Research confirms presence of progenitor cells
The study, conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, confirms the existence of these progenitor cells — cells that develop into neurons — in the adult hippocampus. The team used DNA carbon dating to determine when the cells were formed. Brain tissue samples from people aged 0 to 78 were analysed, sourced from international biobanks.
“We have now been able to identify these cells of origin, which confirms that there is an ongoing formation of neurons in the hippocampus of the adult brain,” said Jonas Frisén, professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institutet, who led the study.
Advanced techniques reveal cell activity
To conduct the study, the researchers applied a method known as single-nucleus RNA sequencing, which allows scientists to analyse gene activity in individual cell nuclei. This was combined with machine learning to identify the different stages of neuron development, from stem cells to immature neurons.
The team identified all neural progenitor cell stages in early childhood samples. In adult samples, they located dividing progenitor cells using antibodies against the proliferation marker Ki67, alongside machine learning algorithms.
The results not only confirmed that adult neurogenesis takes place but also revealed that many of the dividing cells were in active developmental stages.
Significant variation between individuals
A notable finding from the study was the large variation in the presence of progenitor cells between individuals. While some adults had many such cells, others had very few. The researchers said this variability could have implications for understanding individual differences in brain ageing and cognitive resilience.
They also found that although the progenitor cells in humans were similar to those in animals such as mice, pigs, and monkeys, the active genes involved differed, suggesting some species-specific distinctions in brain development.
Implications for brain health and disease treatment
The findings provide valuable insight into how the human brain changes over time and could have medical implications. As many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, involve the loss of neurons in regions like the hippocampus, understanding how new neurons form could contribute to the development of regenerative therapies.
“This is an important piece of the puzzle in understanding how the human brain works and changes during life,” said Frisén. “It may also guide future treatment strategies for neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions.”
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The authors acknowledged potential limitations in their findings
40% of participants in a new study said food affects their sleep
Dairy and sweets were linked to worse sleep and more disturbing dreams
Fruit, herbal tea and vegetables were associated with better sleep quality
Authors suggest that lactose intolerance may play a role in dream disturbance
A recent study has explored how food may influence sleep and dreaming, with some participants reporting that certain items — particularly dairy and sweets — disrupted their rest and contributed to nightmares.
Study looked at food, sleep and dreams
The research, published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology on Monday, analysed responses from 1,082 college-aged participants who completed online surveys between January and April 2023. The survey asked about over a dozen food categories, including dairy, meat, fruit, desserts, and spicy foods.
According to the findings, 40.2% of respondents said their eating habits had an impact on their sleep. About 25% stated that at least one food group made their sleep worse, while 20% said that some foods improved it.
Among the foods most commonly associated with disrupted sleep were dairy products (milk, yoghurt, cheese), desserts and sweets, and spicy dishes. On the other hand, fruit, vegetables, and herbal tea were most often credited with improving sleep quality.
Dairy and sweets linked to disturbing dreams
When asked about the effect of food on dreaming, 5.5% of participants said they noticed a link. Of those, 31% said desserts and sweets triggered nightmares, while 22% blamed dairy.
The study’s authors noted that while the data is based on self-reported experiences and may lack scientific proof, previous research does support the possibility that food can influence sleep patterns.
They added that the connection between dairy and negative dream experiences could be due to gastrointestinal symptoms in people with lactose intolerance, such as bloating or cramps, which may disrupt sleep and affect dream quality.
Limitations of the study
The authors acknowledged potential limitations in their findings. All participants were university students enrolled in psychology courses, meaning they may have had prior knowledge of related topics that could have influenced their responses.
Despite this, the research adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that what we eat may affect not only how well we sleep, but how we dream.
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The Met Office and UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) have issued amber heat-health alerts
Amber heat-health alerts issued as temperatures approach 35°C in parts of the UK.
Early signs of heat stroke include confusion, slurred speech, and dizziness.
Heat exhaustion can develop into heat stroke if not treated within 30 minutes.
At-risk groups include the elderly, young children, and those with health conditions.
NHS and health experts urge people to stay hydrated, cool, and avoid midday sun.
Medical experts are urging the public to remain alert for the early signs of heat stroke, as temperatures across parts of England are expected to reach up to 35°C. The Met Office and UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) have issued amber heat-health alerts, warning that extreme heat can have serious health impacts. Doctors stress that symptoms can begin subtly, making early intervention crucial.
Heat alerts across multiple regions
Amber-level warnings are in effect for the West Midlands, East Midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber, South East, South West, London, and the East of England.
Dr Agostinho Sousa, Head of Extreme Events and Health Protection at UKHSA, said: “The temperatures we are likely to see over the next few days can result in serious health outcomes across the population.” He urged the public to take “sensible precautions while enjoying the sun”, and to look out for vulnerable individuals.
Recognising the early signs of heat stroke
Dr Javier Mateos Delgado, an emergency unit coordinator and expert in Family and Community Medicine, warned that heat stroke can begin with subtle neurological symptoms. These are often mistaken for tiredness or minor illness, delaying proper treatment.
According to Dr Delgado, early signs may include:
Slurred or incoherent speech
Irritability or mood changes
Disorientation or confusion
Loss of balance or blurred vision
He also noted that muscle cramps, especially at night or after exertion, despite drinking water, are a key warning sign. “The first symptoms are usually a feeling of intense heat, dizziness, and weakness,” he said. “You have to learn to listen to your body.”
When heat exhaustion becomes heat stroke
According to NHS guidance, heat exhaustion can be treated at home if the person is cooled down within 30 minutes. Signs include:
Dizziness
Nausea or vomiting
Headache
Sweating heavily
Weakness and tiredness
Muscle cramps
Fast breathing
Feeling very thirsty
However, if symptoms don’t improve within half an hour or worsen, it could indicate heat stroke, a life-threatening emergency.
Call 999 immediately if someone shows signs of heat stroke, which include:
Hot, dry skin that isn’t sweating
A high body temperature and flushed appearance
Rapid heartbeat
Confusion or unusual behaviour
Seizures
Loss of consciousness
While waiting for emergency services, move the person to a shaded or cool area, give them fluids if possible, and use water or cold items to help reduce their body temperature, especially on the neck and underarms.
Heat stroke prevention: What to do
Dr Mateos Delgado emphasised that prevention is often overlooked. “The problem is not usually that we don't know what to do,” he said, “but that we don't do it.”
To prevent heat stroke, experts recommend:
Avoiding strenuous activity during peak sunlight hours (11 am to 3 pm)
Staying indoors or in shaded areas during the hottest part of the day
Drinking water regularly—even if not thirsty
Wearing light, loose-fitting clothing
Using fans or keeping rooms cool by closing blinds and windows
Wearing sunglasses and sun hats, and applying sunscreen
Checking on friends, relatives, and neighbours, especially those at higher risk
Who is most at risk of heat stroke?
While anyone can be affected, certain groups are especially vulnerable to heat stroke. These include:
People over 65 or under 5 years old
Those with chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, or dementia
People on medications that affect sweating or body temperature
Those experiencing mental health challenges or substance misuse
People living alone, outdoors, or in poor housing conditions
Outdoor workers, including construction or farm labourers
Health officials urge everyone to take extra care over the coming days, as the UK experiences potentially record-breaking temperatures.
Understanding the signs and symptoms of heat stroke and acting quickly could help save lives during the ongoing heatwave.
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Health officials expect the rollout to benefit around 220,000 adults over the next 3 years
NHS GPs in England can now prescribe Mounjaro (tirzepatide) for weight loss
The programme aims to support 220,000 people over three years
Eligible patients must have a BMI over 40 and at least four obesity-related health issues
GP leaders raise concerns over increased workload
Pharmacists urge a broader weight management approach
NHS expands obesity treatment with Mounjaro
The NHS in England is set to begin prescribing Mounjaro, a weight loss injection, through GP surgeries starting Monday. The move marks the first time family doctors will be authorised to directly prescribe the anti-obesity drug tirzepatide as part of a wider national health initiative.
Health officials expect the rollout to benefit around 220,000 adults over the next three years. The drug will be made available to those with a body mass index (BMI) above 40 who also suffer from at least four other obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or sleep apnoea.
GPs express concern over added burden
While the rollout has been welcomed as a major step in tackling severe obesity, some family doctors have expressed concern over the operational challenges it may bring. The British Medical Association and other GP leaders have highlighted the need for additional training, resources and time to manage the expected rise in patient demand.
They warn that without extra support, the move could add further pressure to already stretched primary care services.
Calls for a comprehensive approach
Pharmacy experts and health professionals have stressed that Mounjaro should not be viewed as a standalone solution. Instead, they argue that it must be integrated into a broader weight management strategy that includes dietary changes, physical activity, and behavioural support.
There are also concerns about potential pressure on drug supplies as demand increases. Experts suggest that clear guidance on prescription protocols and supply management will be crucial to avoid shortages.
A targeted step in tackling obesity
The introduction of Mounjaro is part of the NHS’s wider effort to address rising obesity levels in the UK, which are closely linked to long-term health complications and increased strain on the health system. By targeting the most at-risk individuals, health officials hope the new measure will reduce future hospitalisations and improve overall health outcomes.
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Around 85% of the projected deaths are likely to involve people over the age of 65
Almost 600 premature deaths are expected to occur during the ongoing heatwave affecting England and Wales, according to a new rapid analysis by leading scientists. The majority of fatalities are projected among older adults, with London and the West Midlands likely to be the worst-affected areas.
Climate change driving deadly temperatures
Researchers say the extreme temperatures, which have reached 32°C in parts of south-east England, would have been nearly impossible without the influence of human-caused climate change. Pollution from burning fossil fuels has raised the likelihood of such heatwaves by around 100 times, experts say.
The scientists estimate that human activity has increased the temperatures experienced during this heatwave by 2°C to 4°C, pushing the mercury beyond safe levels for many, particularly the elderly and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr Garyfallos Konstantinoudis from Imperial College London, who helped conduct the analysis, said: “Heatwaves are silent killers – people who lose their lives in them typically have pre-existing health conditions and rarely have heat listed as a contributing cause of death. This real-time analysis reveals the hidden toll of heatwaves, and we want it to help raise the alarm.”
Deaths concentrated among older adults
The analysis, based on decades of UK temperature and mortality data across more than 34,000 locations in England and Wales, projects around 570 excess deaths between Thursday and Sunday. Of these, approximately 129 are expected in London. Scientists believe the figure may be underestimated, as early summer heatwaves often catch people unprepared.
Around 85% of the projected deaths are likely to involve people over the age of 65, who are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Other at-risk groups include infants, pregnant individuals, and people with cardiovascular or respiratory conditions.
Dr Malcolm Mistry from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), who contributed to the study, warned: “Exposure to temperatures in the high 20s or low 30s may not seem dangerous, but they can be fatal, particularly for people aged over 65, infants, pregnant people, and those with pre-existing health conditions.”
Health and emergency services under pressure
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) issued an amber heat-health alert on Thursday, which is set to remain in effect until 9 am on Monday. The warning highlights a risk of increased deaths and severe impacts on health and social care systems.
Medical professionals have reported a rise in heat-related illnesses. Dr Lorna Powell, an urgent care doctor in East London, said: “We are seeing cases of heat exhaustion rising. It can quickly trigger more serious illnesses, as dehydration sets in and the cardiovascular system becomes overwhelmed.”
The UKHSA advises people to stay out of the sun between 11 am and 3 pm, drink plenty of fluids, keep indoor spaces cool, and check in on vulnerable neighbours and family members. Data from a recent study indicates that approximately 80% of UK homes overheat during summer, further exacerbating health risks for residents.
Urban areas face greater risk
City dwellers, especially those in poorly ventilated flats, face higher health risks during heatwaves. Heat becomes trapped in buildings, leading to prolonged exposure, especially at night when outdoor temperatures remain high.
Professor Antonio Gasparrini of LSHTM, another contributor to the analysis, said: “When temperatures push past the limits populations are acclimatised to, excess deaths can increase very rapidly. Every fraction of a degree of warming will cause more hospital admissions and heat deaths, putting more strain on the NHS.”
Poor preparedness criticised
Between 2020 and 2024, more than 10,000 people died in the UK due to heatwaves, according to UKHSA data. Yet in April 2025, the government’s climate advisers criticised the UK’s readiness to deal with extreme heat, calling preparations “inadequate, piecemeal and disjointed”.
Despite growing awareness of climate-related risks, systemic changes to improve resilience, such as retrofitting homes and bolstering healthcare capacity, have been limited.
Government removes barriers to home EV chargers
As part of broader environmental measures, the UK government recently eliminated the requirement for planning permission to install electric vehicle (EV) chargers at homes and businesses. This change is estimated to save an average of £1,100 per installation, according to the Department for Transport, and may aid the shift to low-carbon transport. While unrelated to heatwave policy, the move reflects the government’s push for green infrastructure.
Air quality worsens amid heat
Alongside the heat, a spike in air pollution has raised additional concerns. London has been issued a high ozone pollution alert, with people suffering from respiratory conditions such as asthma advised to avoid outdoor exercise.
Heatwaves becoming more frequent and intense
Global data shows that extreme heat causes more deaths than floods, hurricanes, or earthquakes. According to insurer Swiss Re, heatwaves are responsible for about 500,000 deaths globally each year. “Extreme heat events are more dangerous than natural catastrophes in terms of human lives lost, yet the true cost is only starting to come to light,” said Nina Arquint, chief executive of corporate solutions at Swiss Re.
In 2024, the planet recorded its hottest year on record, driven by climate change and rising emissions. Carbon dioxide levels from fossil fuels continue to increase, pushing the world closer to dangerous temperature thresholds.
A recent report by the UK Climate Change Committee estimates that if global temperatures rise by 2°C above pre-industrial levels, annual heat-related deaths in the UK could exceed 10,000 by 2050.
The scientists behind the current analysis hope that quantifying the hidden human cost of heatwaves will prompt more urgent action to reduce emissions and prepare the UK for a hotter future.