Each side blamed the other for the failure of the negotiations, which were aimed at ending fighting that has killed thousands and affected global oil prices since it began over six weeks ago.
Iran has effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz since the war began on February 28 after US and Israeli strikes, disrupting a route that carries about one-fifth of global oil supply.
The conflict began after the United States and Israel launched airstrikes across Iran that killed supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and has since expanded across the region.