URGENT action is needed by community leaders and families to address the numbers of British Pakistani men being jailed for class A drugs offences, experts have said.
They have blamed a failure of “community leadership and parents” for allowing the situation to escalate, and have called for families and religious leaders to speak to young people about the dangers of the scourge.
Figures show that men of Pakistani origin are now over-represented in convictions for dealing class A drugs in the Yorkshire and Humber area.
In a recent BBC documentary called Hometown, one source told the programme that around 60-65 per cent of heroin in West Yorkshire is imported from Pakistan, hidden in baby powder, dog food, nappies and in the petrol tanks of cars.
It comes as the E-gangs Project in Essex, which aims to protect vulnerable youngsters,
warned that criminals are grooming children to be “county line” drug runners during the school summer holiday.
Dr Qadir Baksh, who has written two books on drug problems in south Asian communities, said: “Sadly, the situation has deteriorated over the past two or more decades”, particularly in northern England.
He told Eastern Eye: “Internal factors are caused by the communities themselves. For decades they have their heads in the sand like an ostrich, failing to accept that the problems exist in the community.
“(There’s also) Underachievement in education, leading to poor employment outcomes
and their location in poor housing. They are trapped in those towns.
“Racism, discrimination, Islamophobia and general exclusion have not helped either. Youth who are unskilled, uneducated, unemployed (feel they) need designer clothes, good
cars, so to achieve all that quickly, drug dealing is the career ladder for them.”
British Pakistanis make up a minority of those convicted for dealing class A drugs in the UK overall.
Recent cases include nine men of south Asian origin who were among 14 people jailed in June for the supply of heroin and crack cocaine in Bradford.
In May, eight men of south Asian origin were among 20 people from Luton, Bedfordshire, sentenced to more than 110 years in prison for running a multimillion pound drugs conspiracy.
Among the imams warning youngsters of the dangers of falling into crime is Alyas Kirmani in Bradford.
He fears drug kingpins are grooming young people by telling them “‘we are not selling to Muslims, we are selling to non-Muslims’ or ‘we are in a non-Muslim country so therefore we
have a necessity’ and this allows [them] to twist the kind of principles’.”
There are 27,000 children in gangs, according to the Office of the children’s commissioner in England.
Hanif Mohammed was groomed by a criminal gang to sell drugs after being expelled from school aged 14. He is now assistant manager of In2Change in Sheffield, Yorkshire, which aims to steer young people and ex-offenders away from crime.
Mohammed said: “There was no support mechanism or alternative provisional education to continue.
“I was picked up by people much older than me, who were involved in the criminal fraternity. Rather than give me good advice, they befriended me under the pretence that they were my friend.
“They were making me sell class A drugs and take the risk. Because I was young and immature, I felt they had my best interests at heart. How wrong I was.
“There was no monetary gain. I was getting street cred in my own mind, linked with people much older. People my own age were going to school.”
Mohammed Shafiq, spokesman for the Ramadhan Foundation, said some families have to stop being in “denial” over their child’s involvement in drugs.
The community leader from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, told Eastern Eye: “You cannot get defensive, you have to address the issue at hand.
“You cannot dispute the facts and the ever-growing problem of drugs in the south Asian and wider communities.
“People have glamorised drug dealing, they have been groomed into become dealers and mules.
“Mosques and community centres have to start stepping up about why it’s a wrong choice and the damage drugs causes to so many lives.”
Shafiq added: “They are not academically gifted, they are properly in dead end work or working part-time or on a zero hours contract. They think they haven’t got a future or career and want quick, easy money.
“There is a denial element. In Rochdale you have people who don’t work and have 2019 cars parked outside their house. People do not ask where the money has come from.
“I do not recall a Friday khutbah [sermon] addressing this. Religion can be a way out of evil, it is a powerful tool.”
Last year, the government unveiled a multi-agency, 38-strong team of experts from the National Crime Agency, police officers and regional organised crime units to tackle drug dealing gangs.
TENSIONS with Pakistan, fluctuating ties with Bangladesh, and growing Chinese influence in Nepal and Sri Lanka have complicated India’s neighbourhood policy, a top foreign policy and security expert has said.
C Raja Mohan, distinguished professor at the Motwani Jodeja Institute for American Studies at OP Jindal Global University, has a new book out, called India and the Rebalancing of Asia.
He also described how India’s engagement with the US, Japan, Australia and Europe has moved from symbolism to one of substance. Raja Mohan said, “After independence, India withdrew from regional security politics, focusing on global issues and non-alignment. But the past decade has seen a reversal. India is now back in the Asian balance of power. The very concept of the ‘Indo-Pacific’ reflects that, putting the ‘Indo’ into the ‘Pacific.’”
The idea, he explained, has deep historical roots: “The British once viewed the Indian and Pacific Oceans as interconnected realms. Now, after decades of separation, those spaces are merging again.”
Narendra Modi with Xi Jinping and (right)Vladimir Putin at last month’s SCO summit in China
While India once aspired to build a “post-Western order” alongside China, those dreams have long since faded, according to the expert.
“Contradictions between India and China have sharpened,” he said, citing territorial disputes, a $100 billion (£75bn) trade deficit, and China’s growing influence among India’s neighbours.
By contrast, India’s ties with the US and Europe have strengthened.
“Where once India shunned security cooperation with Washington, it is now deeply engaged,” he said. Yet he emphasised that India remains an independent actor, “not a traditional ally like Japan or Australia.”
His comments were made during the Adelphi series, hosted by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) last month. According to the expert, who is also a visiting research professor at the National University of Singapore, the return of India to regional security politics marks a significant change in its foreign policy since independence. Popular discussions about the “rise of Asia” tend to oversimplify what Raja Mohan explained was a deeply uneven transformation. “It’s more accurate to say Asia as a whole is rising,” he said, adding, “but not evenly. China has risen much faster than the rest.”
This imbalance has created internal contradictions within Asia, according to the academic. “China’s sense of entitlement to regional dominance and its territorial claims have provoked reactions from other Asian countries,” he said.
While China’s economic ascent, once “a marriage of Western capital and Chinese labour”, that relationship has strained over the past 15 years as the Asian country grew into a global military and economic powerhouse, according to Raja Mohan.
And the US, which previously nurtured China’s growth, now seeks to restore balance in Asia, shifting from a policy of engagement to one of cautious competition, he said.
Dwelling on India’s rise, he said, “The question is not whether India can match China alone, but whether it can help build coalitions that limit unilateralism. History shows weaker states can play crucial balancing roles, as China once did against the Soviet Union.”
He explored how the US-China and India-China dynamics might evolve, particularly under US president Donald Trump.
“Some believe the US is retrenching to focus on Asia, others think Trump might seek a grand bargain with China,” Raja Mohan said. “Much depends on how Washington manages its ties with Russia and its global posture.”
He also described how India’s engagement with the US, Japan, Australia and Europe has moved from symbolism to one of substance. Raja Mohan said, “After independence, India withdrew from regional security politics, focusing on global issues and non-alignment. But the past decade has seen a reversal. India is now back in the Asian balance of power. The very concept of the ‘Indo-Pacific’ reflects that, putting the ‘Indo’ into the ‘Pacific.’”
The idea, he explained, has deep historical roots: “The British once viewed the Indian and Pacific Oceans as interconnected realms. Now, after decades of separation, those spaces are merging again.”
While India once aspired to build a “post-Western order” alongside China, those dreams have long since faded, according to the expert.
“Contradictions between India and China have sharpened,” he said, citing territorial disputes, a $100 billion (£75bn) trade deficit, and China’s growing influence among India’s neighbours.
By contrast, India’s ties with the US and Europe have strengthened.
“Where once India shunned security cooperation with Washington, it is now deeply engaged,” he said. Yet he emphasised that India remains an independent actor, “not a traditional ally like Japan or Australia.”
His comments were made during the Adelphi series, hosted by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) last month. According to the expert, who is also a visiting research professor at the National University of Singapore, the return of India to regional security politics marks a significant change in its foreign policy since independence. Popular discussions about the “rise of Asia” tend to oversimplify what Raja Mohan explained was a deeply uneven transformation. “It’s more accurate to say Asia as a whole is rising,” he said, adding, “but not evenly. China has risen much faster than the rest.”
This imbalance has created internal contradictions within Asia, according to the academic. “China’s sense of entitlement to regional dominance and its territorial claims have provoked reactions from other Asian countries,” he said.
While China’s economic ascent, once “a marriage of Western capital and Chinese labour”, that relationship has strained over the past 15 years as the Asian country grew into a global military and economic powerhouse, according to Raja Mohan.
And the US, which previously nurtured China’s growth, now seeks to restore balance in Asia, shifting from a policy of engagement to one of cautious competition, he said.
Dwelling on India’s rise, he said, “The question is not whether India can match China alone, but whether it can help build coalitions that limit unilateralism. History shows weaker states can play crucial balancing roles, as China once did against the Soviet Union.”
He explored how the US-China and India-China dynamics might evolve, particularly under US president Donald Trump.
“Some believe the US is retrenching to focus on Asia, others think Trump might seek a grand bargain with China,” Raja Mohan said. “Much depends on how Washington manages its ties with Russia and its global posture.”
China, he noted, has already toned down its aggressive “wolf warrior” diplomacy, realising that assertiveness has backfired. Yet the underlying structural contradictions between China and both the US and India “are unlikely to disappear.”
Asked about India’s balancing act between the US and Russia, especially after Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine, the expert was pragmatic.
“India has steadily moved closer to the US and the West, but Trump’s trade-first approach has caused turbulence,” Raja Mohan said.
He cited the threats of high tariffs on Indian imports and resentment over trade imbalances with Washington DC.
On Russia, Raja Mohan’s view was that the relationship has been “in slow decline since the 1990s.”
While India’s GDP now outpaces Russia’s, it continues to engage Moscow for practical reasons. “India’s oil purchases from Russia rose from two per cent to forty per cent after 2022. That’s pragmatism, not alignment,” Raja Mohan said.
He added that prime minister Narendra Modi’s recent handshakes with China’s president Xi Jinping and Russia’s president Vladimir Putin at the Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO) summit in China were “signals, reminders to the West that India has options.”
Raja Mohan said India was at the cusp of a historic transformation. “India once provided security across Asia - in both world wars, millions of Indian soldiers fought overseas. That history was forgotten when India withdrew from global security,” he said.
“Now we are reclaiming that role. Ideally, the partnership with the US is the best. But if not, India and other Asian powers will have to shoulder the burden themselves.”
“Japan, Korea, India, Australia - all will have to do more on their own,” he said. “We’ll need to pull up our own bootstraps.”
Dr Benjamin Rhode, senior fellow at IISS, chaired the session.
aggressive “wolf warrior” diplomacy, realising that assertiveness has backfired. Yet the underlying structural contradictions between China and both the US and India “are unlikely to disappear.”
Asked about India’s balancing act between the US and Russia, especially after Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine, the expert was pragmatic.
“India has steadily moved closer to the US and the West, but Trump’s trade-first approach has caused turbulence,” Raja Mohan said.
He cited the threats of high tariffs on Indian imports and resentment over trade imbalances with Washington DC.
On Russia, Raja Mohan’s view was that the relationship has been “in slow decline since the 1990s.”
While India’s GDP now outpaces Russia’s, it continues to engage Moscow for practical reasons. “India’s oil purchases from Russia rose from two per cent to forty per cent after 2022. That’s pragmatism, not alignment,” Raja Mohan said.
He added that prime minister Narendra Modi’s recent handshakes with China’s president Xi Jinping and Russia’s president Vladimir Putin at the Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO) summit in China were “signals, reminders to the West that India has options.”
Raja Mohan said India was at the cusp of a historic transformation. “India once provided security across Asia - in both world wars, millions of Indian soldiers fought overseas. That history was forgotten when India withdrew from global security,” he said.
“Now we are reclaiming that role. Ideally, the partnership with the US is the best. But if not, India and other Asian powers will have to shoulder the burden themselves.”
“Japan, Korea, India, Australia - all will have to do more on their own,” he said. “We’ll need to pull up our own bootstraps.”
Dr Benjamin Rhode, senior fellow at IISS, chaired the session.
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