AUTHOR turned award-winning filmmaker, Ram Kamal Mukherjee recently released his second Hindi film Season’s Greetings: A Tribute To Rituparno Ghosh, which is available now on ZEE5. Biographer of Hema Malini and Sanjay Dutt, he selected top 10 films that inspired him personally as a filmmaker.
Pather Panchali:Satyajit Ray’s cult classic is like a bible for any student of cinema. The eternal sibling story of Apu and Durga intrigues me for its simple, yet poetic narrative. The iconic scene of grandmother’s death and Sarbajaya beating Durga while Apu watches from behind, stayed with me like a permanent imprint. Almost like a tattoo in my brain. Ray’s Charulata, Nayak, Devi and Mahanagar also remain a few of my favourites.
Meghe Dhaka Tara:A classic made by Ritwik Ghatak, the noir filmmaker from Bengal. The anguish of a working lady Neeta played brilliantly by Supriya Choudhury is a guideline for filmmakers wanting to focus on narrative with symphony. Ghatak being a fine storyteller, created his own language. Ghatak’s classics Titas Ekti Nadir Naam and Bari Theke Paliye also remain as my favourites.
Sholay:As Shekhar Kapur rightly puts it, Indian cinema can be divided to Sholay AD and Sholay BC. Ramesh Sippy’s Indian take of Seven Samurai remains one of my favourites from mainstream Hindi cinema. It teaches how to create fascinating characters and make them believable at the same time. It created a background score that stayed with you forever. And, of course, Sholay was technically superior to films that came before it. Sholay talks about a working woman Basanti who rides a ‘tanga’ and also propagates widow remarriage in Radha and Jai’s love story.
Seeta Aur Geeta:My all time favourite film for its brilliant comic timing by Hema Malini, who actually took the film on her shoulder while mainstream heroes Sanjeev Kumar and Dharmendra played supporting roles. RD Burman created some amazing music and Hema Malini excelled as an all-round performer to become India’s first female superstar. The fascinating stories of how Ramesh Sippy convinced Hema to push the envelope inspired me in taking challenges when I work with my actors. While Bollywood was banking on heroes bashing goons, Sippy changed the trend by introducing a heroine in a double role, jumping, climbing and bashing brawny goons. This film has been remade in many languages in India, but none matched the charisma of Hema.
Children Of Heaven:Majid Majidi remains one of my most favourite filmmakers from contemporary cinema. If Ray’s Pather Panchali established the eternal bond between Apu and Durga, Majidi took the narrative a few notches ahead with his unadulterated narrative. Ali and Zahara would make you think about the world beyond malls and materials. The simplicity of a shoe, would mend your sole (pun intended) and that’s where he scores above Ray in the film. With no technical frills, Majidi managed to tell a gripping story and yet take it to the international audience, simply because he chose the language of the heart.
Devdas:Sanjay Leela Bhansali was probably the first Hindi filmmaker to bring about operatic cinema. Though the film was criticised and many felt that Bhansali ruined the creation of Sarat Chandra’s bestselling novel Devdas, I felt that it was a complete different take. Bhansali created his own world and set his own music. The theatrical drama, the larger than life narrative of an otherwise dull love story, inspired me to believe in your own vision. The world might not be with you, but if you know what you are making, then let the world wait for the magic to unveil. Of course, Bhansali’s Khamoshi and Black were also very special.
The Pursuit of Happyness:As New York Times rightly said, it was a realistic ‘fairy tale’ by Gabreile Muccino. The father and son bond has never been so realistic and artistic since Charlie Chaplin’s The Kid. Lead actor Will Smith as Chris Gardner made me emotional as
screenplay writer Steven Conrad weaved the plot around a homeless salesman. Will had an uncanny resemblance with Nana Patekar’s
character from the film Thodasa Roomani Ho Jayen. I feel that it was Will’s career best performance, while young Jaden Smith stole my heart with his innocence.
The Devil Wears Prada:Of course, I had to include my ever favourite Meryl Streep, who is a self help book for all actors wanting to make a living out of this profession. I would give credit to director David Frankel for being able to bring the best out of Anne Hathaway and Streep in an otherwise superfluous script that talks about a materialistic world, and occasionally peeps into the ugly faces behind the designer garb. Though I personally feel I need a separate column to list my top 10 films of Streep, as she cannot be justified with just one.
The Taste Of Cherry:Abbas Kairostami’s Persian classic will always remain one of the most heart-touching tale of a middle-aged Tehranian man, Mr Badii (outstanding performance by Homayoun Ershadi), who plans to kill himself and reaches out to people to bury him after his demise. Driving around the city, the seemingly well-to-do Badii meets numerous people, including a student, asking them to take on the job, but has little luck initially. Kiarostami’s willingness to accept silence, passivity, a slow pace, deliberation and inactivity, might test the patience of viewers. But if you open yourself to the existential dilemma of the main character, then you will sense the film’s greatness.
Ijazaat:This poetry onscreen remains my favourite Gulzar film. Though I also love his films Kinara, Meera and Khushboo, and feel that they are equally good, as he worked with his and mine favourite Hema Malini. But Ijazaat wins me over for sheer simplicity and winning performances by Rekha and Naseeruddin Shah. It also had magical, melodious songs like the award-winning Mera Kuch Samaan. I have no qualms in admitting that I draw my inspiration from Gulzar. He reminds me of legendary filmmakers Bimal Roy, Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Basu Chatterjee, who would only focus on telling a good story.
AI can make thousands of podcast episodes every week with very few people.
Making an AI podcast episode costs almost nothing and can make money fast.
Small podcasters cannot get noticed. It is hard for them to earn.
Advertisements go to AI shows. Human shows get ignored.
Listeners do not mind AI. Some like it.
A company can now publish thousands of podcasts a week with almost no people. That fact alone should wake up anyone who makes money from talking into a mic.
The company now turns out roughly 3,000 episodes a week with a team of eight. Each episode costs about £0.75 (₹88.64) to make. With as few as 20 listens, an episode can cover its cost. That single line explains why the rest of this story is happening.
When AI takes over podcasts human creators are struggling to keep up iStock
The math that changes the game
Podcasting used to be slow and hands-on. Hosts booked guests, edited interviews, and hunted sponsors. Now, the fixed costs, including writing, voice, and editing, can be automated. Once that system is running, adding another episode barely costs anything; it is just another file pushed through the same machine.
To see how that changes the landscape, look at the scale we are talking about. By September 2025, there were already well over 4.52 million podcasts worldwide. In just three months, close to half a million new shows joined the pile. It has become a crowded marketplace worth roughly £32 billion (₹3.74 trillion), most of it fuelled by advertising money.
That combination of a huge market plus near-zero marginal costs creates a simple incentive: flood the directories with niche shows. Even tiny audiences become profitable.
What mass production looks like
These AI shows are not replacements for every human program. They are different products. Producers use generative models to write scripts, synthesise voice tracks, add music, and publish automatically. Topics are hyper-niche: pollen counts in a mid-sized city, daily stock micro-summaries, or a five-minute briefing on a single plant species. The episodes are short, frequent, and tailored to narrow advertiser categories.
That model works because advertisers can target tiny audiences. If an antihistamine maker can reach fifty people looking up pollen data in one town, that can still be worth paying for. Multiply that by thousands of micro-topics, and the revenue math stacks up.
How mass-produced AI podcasts are drowning out real human voicesiStock
Where human creators lose
Podcasting has always been fragile for independent creators. Most shows never break even. Discoverability is hard. Promotion costs money. Now, add AI fleets pushing volume, and the problem worsens.
Platforms surface content through algorithms. If those algorithms reward frequency, freshness, or sheer inventory, AI producers gain an advantage. Human shows that take weeks to produce with high-quality narrative, interviews, or even investigative pieces get buried.
Advertisers chasing cheap reach will be tempted by mass AI networks. That will push down the effective CPMs (cost per thousand listens) for many categories. Small hosts who relied on a few branded reads or listener donations will see the pool shrink.
What listeners get and what they lose
Not every listener cares if a host is synthetic. Some care only about the utility: a quick sports update, a commute briefing, or a how-to snippet. For those use cases, AI can be fine, or even better, because it is faster, cheaper, and always on.
But the thing is, a lot of podcast value comes from human quirks. The long-form interview, the offbeat joke, the voice that makes you feel known—those are hard to fake. Studies and industry voices already show 52% of consumers feel less engaged with content. The result is a split audience: one side tolerates or prefers automated, functional audio; the other side pays to keep human voices alive.
When cheap AI shows flood the market small creators lose their edgeiStock
Legal and ethical damage control
Mass AI podcasting raises immediate legal and ethical questions.
Copyright — Models trained on protected audio and text can reproduce or riff on copyrighted works.
Impersonation — Synthetic voices can mirror public figures, which risks deception.
Misinformation — Automated scripts without fact-checking can spread errors at scale.
Transparency — Few platforms force disclosure that an episode is AI-generated.
If regulators force tighter rules, the tiny profit margin on each episode could disappear. That would make the mass-production model unprofitable overnight. Alternatively, platforms could impose labelling and remove low-quality feeds. Either outcome would reshape the calculus.
How the industry can respond through practical moves
The ecosystem will not collapse overnight.
Label AI episodes clearly.
Use discovery algorithms that reward engagement, not volume.
Create paywalls, memberships, or time-listened metrics.
Use AI tools to help humans, not replace them.
Industry standards on IP and voice consent are needed to reduce legal exposure. Platforms and advertisers hold most of the cards here. They can choose to favour volume or to protect quality. Their choice will decide many creators’ fates.
Three short scenarios, then the point
Flooded and cheap — Platforms favour volume. Ads chase cheap reach. Many independent shows vanish, and audio becomes a sea of similar, useful, but forgettable feeds.
Regulated and curated — Disclosure rules and smarter discovery reward listener engagement. Human shows survive, and AI fills utility roles.
Hybrid balance — Creators use AI tools to speed up workflows while keeping control over voice and facts. New business models emerge that pay for depth.
All three are plausible. The industry will move towards the one that matches where platforms and advertisers put their money.
Can human podcasters survive the flood of robot-made showsiStock
New rules, old craft
Machines can mass-produce audio faster and cheaper than people. That does not make them better storytellers. It makes them efficient at delivering information. If you are a creator, your defence is simple: make content machines cannot copy easily. Tell stories that require curiosity, risk, restraint, and relationships. Build listeners who will pay for that difference.
If you are a platform or advertiser, your choice is also simple: do you reward noise or signal? Reward signal, and you keep what made podcasting special. Reward noise, and you get scale and a thinner, cheaper industry in return. Either way, the next few years will decide whether podcasting stays a human medium with tools or becomes a tool-driven medium with a few human highlights. The soundscape is changing. If human creators want to survive, they need to focus on the one thing machines do not buy: trust.
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