Fears grip Indian state as millions made stateless

More than four million people left off a draft list of citizens in northeast India on Monday have effectively been made stateless, campaigners said, likening them to the Rohingya minority driven out of Myanmar.

Fear gripped the border state of Assam as India's census chief released the list of citizens in the state, which excluded those unable to prove they or their parents arrived before March 1971 when neighbouring Bangladesh was created.

Assam lies on the border with Muslim-majority Bangladesh and is in the grip of social and communal tension as residents campaign against illegal immigrants, a fight backed by prime minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist government.

"Millions have now been rendered stateless," said Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia director at Human Rights Watch.

"There are grave reasons for concern that those without proper documentation will be targeted," she said, warning that "India should not become another Myanmar or United States".

Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya, a stateless Muslim minority, were driven out of Myanmar last year and are now in refugee camps in Bangladesh.

Security was beefed up across Assam as thousands of Muslims left off the registry worried about being sent to detention centres or deported.

Critics see the citizenship test as a means to target Assam's Muslim minority, a charge the BJP denies.

Campaign group Avaaz said it "bears stark parallels with Myanmar's removal of Rohingya rights and protections".

"The international community is fighting to stop a process that is alarmingly on track to potentially render millions of people stateless, and vulnerable to indefinite detention, violence or worse," said Ricken Patel, Avaaz executive director.

Hundreds of thousands of people fled to India from Bangladesh during its war of independence from Pakistan in the early 1970s. Most of them settled in Assam.

The tea-rich state of 33 million people has been racked by waves of violence for decades as residents, including indigenous tribes, have clashed with both Hindu and Muslim settlers, whom they accuse of plundering resources and taking away jobs.

The government said the draft was not meant to drive people out and those not on the list would be able to reapply in a process overseen by India's Supreme Court.

"There is no question of any coercive action against anyone," said Home Minister Rajnath Singh.

But Asmita Basu, programmes director at Amnesty International India, said the government had failed to make clear what would happen to those rendered stateless.

She urged it to extend the time for appeals beyond the deadline of September 28, provide legal aid, and ensure families were not torn apart in the process.

"India does not even have an agreement with other countries, particularly Bangladesh, on deportation," she said.

"It is crucial that the government make public their plan for dealing with those at risk of being rendered stateless and ensure that their rights are not violated."