Salman Khan birthday special to celebrate his top ten movies
By ASJAD NAZIRDec 23, 2021
HINDI cinema superstar Salman Khan will celebrate his 56th birthday on December 27 and receive a tidal wave of good wishes from around the world.
Born in 1965, the actor has had an extraordinary career and holds the record for the greatest number of Bollywood films that have been highest grossing of the year.
Eastern Eye decided to do the impossible and put together a watchlist of his top 10 movies, which help to sum up his big-screen journey.
Maine Pyar Kiya (1989): After a small supporting role in his debut film Biwi Ho To Aisi (1988), Salman became an overnight superstar with his second film Maine Pyar Kiya. The young love story connected with audiences globally and clocked up huge box office figures, which subsequently resulted in romance being introduced back into Bollywood after nearly two decades dominated by action. The film turned Salman into a pin-up for a new generation and kick-started his amazing journey.
Saajan (1991): The highest grossing Bollywood film of 1991 helped romance hit top gear. The interesting love triangle loosely inspired by French classic Cyrano De Bergerac revolves around a woman in love with a poet who hides his identity, and then mistakes another man for him. The actor stars alongside Madhuri Dixit and Sanjay Dutt in a film filled with love, poetry, and great songs.
Hum Aapke Hain Koun (1994): The actor teamed up with Maine Pyar Kiya director Sooraj Barjatya and Madhuri Dixit for a musical that smashed every record to become the highest grossing Bollywood film in history. The family drama revolves around two individuals falling in love during a big fat Indian wedding. The film became a landmark moment in Hindi cinema history.
Andaz Apna Apna (1994): There have been plenty of occasions where the actor has shown a great comedic flair. Of his hit comedies, including Judwaa (1997), Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004) and Partner (2007), this was his funniest. He stars alongside Aamir Khan, Raveena Tandon and Karisma Kapoor in what is widely regarded as one of the greatest Bollywood comedies ever made. The story of two gold-digging guys vying for the attention of a rich heiress is loaded with laughs.
Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999): Salman Khan starred in the three highest grossing Bollywood films of 1999 and this interesting love triangle was the best. The actor starred alongside Aishwarya Rai and Ajay Devgn in what turned out to be a story of two halves. The female protagonist falls for someone in the first half but finds out the real meaning of love when she marries someone else.
Tere Naam (2003): The actor has starred in Bollywood remakes of hit south Indian films and this romantic drama was perhaps the beginning of that strong association. It also has, arguably, one of his career-best performances in the story of a street thug who falls in love and then goes on a painful journey after having his heart broken. He stars opposite Bhumika Chawla in the remake of Tamil film Sethu (1999).
Dabangg (2010): The action-comedy was so popular that it spawned too sequels and gave Salman Khan one of his career defining roles as rule-breaking policeman Chulbul Pandey. The highest grossing film of that year is an escapist action entertainer that contains a little bit of everything, including comedy, action, drama, romance, and a great musical number that had everyone dancing.
Ek Tha Tiger (2012): The highest grossing film of that year kick-started a franchise. The equally good sequel, Tiger Zinda Hai, would clock up the highest numbers in India for that year when it released in 2017. He plays a fearless Indian spy, who is on an important mission and falls for a Pakistani agent, played by Katrina Kaif. There are plenty of eye-catching action set pieces throughout the film and a third instalment is on the way.
Bajrangi Bhaijaan (2015): The biggest blockbuster of 2015 is the story of a Hindu man in India trying to reunite a stranded young Muslim girl with her family in Pakistan. One of the best reviewed films the actor has starred in would win a National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment, a Filmfare Award for Best Story, and an IIFA award for Best Film.
Sultan (2016): He stars opposite Anushka Sharma in the story of a wrestler who lets success go to his head and in the process loses everything he loves. Years later, he is a broken man and gets an unexpected chance for redemption. The story set across two time periods would become the first wrestling-based drama to become a blockbuster success and was only beaten by Aamir Khan starrer Dangal, which released later the same year to become the highest grossing Bollywood film in history.
The British Asian community, especially the acting fraternity, will be fascinated to learn that film director Waris Hussein is halfway through writing his memoirs. After all, how many British Asian directors can lay claim to straightening Richard Burton’s tie?
He directed Burton and Elizabeth Taylor in the film Divorce His, Divorce Hers in 1973.
Hussein, who is 86 and not as mobile as he used to be since suffering a stroke a few years ago, is expected to attend Eastern Eye’s Arts, Culture & Theatre Awards (ACTA) on Friday (23).
As a young man fresh out of Cambridge, he made television history when he directed the first seven episodes of Dr Who in 1963 and established what has since become the BBC’s most successful franchise that has been sold all over the world.
Hussein and Richard Burton getty images
In fact, when the BBC marked the 50th anniversary of Doctor Who in 2013 with a specially written drama called An Adventure in Space and Time, the young Hussein was played by the actor Sacha Dhawan.
Hussein, who has spent many years of his career working in America, has maintained a home in London, where he talked to Eastern Eye.
“I’ve worked with some of the most eminent people in the business – (Laurence) Olivier, (John) Gielgud, Peggy Ashcroft, Sybil Thorndike, and then eminent movie people like Tony Hopkins,” he said.
He laughed: “I have a whole wall on which I keep photos of people I’ve worked with – I call it my wall of fame.”
There is a picture of him with Angela Lansbury and Patricia Hodge – the latter had written, “Darling Waris, I think I look drunk with happiness at working with you again.”
There is an inscription from Anthony Quinn whom he had directed in Onassis: “To Waris, a fantastic director & friend.”
Hussein with Angela Lansbury and Patricia Hodge on the set of The Shell Seekersgetty images
There are photographs of him with Bette Davis; Claire Bloom; Sybil Thorndike; Donald Sutherland and Teri Garr; Ian McKellen and Janet Suzman; Jeanne Moreau, Joan Plowright & Julie Walters; Keith Michell (as Henry VIII); Laurence Olivier and Joan Plowright; Peggy Ashcroft (in Edward & Mrs Simpson); Stephanie Powers & Eva Gardner; Ted Danson & Richard Mansur; and Barry Manilow. There is one with Bill Clinton who played himself in A Child’s Wish – the US president had written, “I enjoyed taking direction from you.”
Hussein’s record suggests he is probably the most successful director the British Asian community has produced in the last half-century.
Waris Habibullah (he later changed his surname to Hussein) was born in Lucknow in India on December 9, 1938, which is why he felt an instinctive sympathy for the former BBC presenter Mishal Husain when he read that her family had also originated from Lucknow.
Hussein with his mother Attia Hosain and Barry Manilow on the set of Copacabanagetty images
He said: “Lucknow is central to my background, where I was born and raised. It is known for its arts, culture and cuisine, and I am proud of that heritage.”
The young Hussein came to Britain with his family in 1946. He went to public school at Clifton College in Bristol and read English at Queens’ College, Cambridge. He has reservations about his time at Clifton: “I had a hard time, because in my mind, Clifton was created in the mid-19th century to educate administrators for the empire – for the ICS (Indian Civil Service). Most of the older boys were sent off to India to administrate and be a part of that landscape. I was resentful at being told that I should expect to order people around in an authoritarian way.”
In marked contrast, “Cambridge was three years of the most important period of my life. I made so many friends there who are now prominent in their fields. One of my contemporaries was Ian McKellen, whom I had the privilege of working with in the very first film that I made. I had directed him as a student. I was able to express myself in a way that I don’t think I would have been able to do anywhere else. At Cambridge you get not only a scientific university, but it encouraged arts. And some of my professors were very prominent in the arts, and I learned a lot from them.”
Hussein with Bill Clinton on the set of A Child’s Wishgetty images
His mother, Attia Hosain, who had a patrician background, was also a great influence on him. After the Partition of India, she chose not to go to Pakistan.
“I owe much to my mother’s creativity and her incredible resilience, because she was transplanted here (to the UK),” he said. “She wrote her first (semi-autobiographical) novel (Sunlight on a Broken Column) in English way back in 1961. It is still read by many, many women in colleges in India. My book is a tribute to her.”
He said of his memoirs: “What I’m trying to do is reorganise my rambling and my memories about being an outsider looking in. Since my stroke, I have begun to appreciate life even more. Apart from being taken care of by some very good medical people, I’m also surrounded by others who look after me. I’m determined to survive as much as I can, particularly on my own terms. In spite of my condition, I’m very lucid. I’ve got my mental marbles, and I can vividly remember things that have happened in my life – the names and places of people I’ve encountered.
Hussein with Donald Sutherland and Teri Garr on the set of The Winter of Our Discontentgetty images
“I’m hanging my narrative on the people I’ve known and who were important in my life. The only thing to do is to be honest about these things and not hide anything. Most of my friends are people of a literary nature – they are creative, write and think for themselves, and encourage me to do the same. I’m inspired by my friend Miriam Margolyes, who wrote her memoirs. She spoke quite openly about her emotional situation. People might be interested in mine because of my Doctor Who connection.
He recalled: “If you look at my repertoire, at the height of the BBC’s golden age of drama, I was doing up to 10 dramas a year. I did things like (Bernard) Shaw’s Saint Joan and Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler, which are classics with prominent actors. I’ve dealt with everything from Henry VIII to the abdication of Edward VIII.”
Hussein with Donald Sutherland and Teri Garr on the set of The Winter of Our Discontentgetty images
In February 2018, the National Film Institute devoted the whole month to a retrospective on his work called Breaking Through. The season began with a screening of A Passage to India (1965), which he felt had “echoes of my own life in terms of my origin”.
A Passage to India was based on EM Forster’s 1924 novel about the clash between two cultures. The impressionable Adela Quested, freshly arrived in India, imagines Dr Aziz has behaved inappropriately towards her while showing her the mysterious Marabar Caves. The ensuing trial proves he was innocent, but exposed the fault lines in the relationship between Indians and their colonial masters.
Other films in the season included The Possession of Joel Delaney (1972), a psychodrama starring Shirley MacLaine; Chips with Everything (1975); and Copacabana (1985), with Barry Manilow.
Dame Sybil Thorndike in A Passage to Indiagetty images
Some of the stars he had worked with came for the respective screenings of their films. For example, Virginia McKenna attended the screening of A Passage to India, Janet Suzman came for Hedda Gabler (1972), Ian McKellen for A Touch of Love (1968), and Claire Bloom for Intimate Contact (1968), a tale of how heterosexual AIDS devastates a family.
When he was interviewed on stage by the arts journalist Samira Ahmed, two-minute clips were shown from some of his other films. They included Daphne Laureola (1978), starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Plowright; Edward & Mrs Simpson (1978), which earned him a BAFTA; and Divorce His, Divorce Hers (1973), starring Burton and Taylor.
Some of Hussein’s early work had been wiped clean by the BBC, it was revealed.
On television in 1976, he directed The Glittering Prizes, which gave Tom Conti’s career a huge boost.
Hussein with Sacha Dhawangetty images
Sometimes, he suffered racist abuse. He once told Eastern Eye that his sister, Shama Habibullah, later a distinguished film producer, “left England because of all this. She went to Cheltenham Ladies’ College, to Cambridge, is highly educated, far more intelligent than me. One day she was waiting at a bus stop on Clapham Common and a drunkard abused her. ‘Why don’t you f****** people go home? You breed like rabbits. You smell of curry.’ Nobody said anything. She came home in tears and said, ‘I can’t live here anymore. What has it all meant? Why did I go to school here when this is what I’m reduced to?’”
An autographed photograph of Hussein with Anthony Quinn on the set of Onassisgetty images
He received worse abuse at a dinner party in the late 1970s. “It was a very smart, upper-class dinner in Campden Hill. All male company. This man sat next to me and said, ‘And what do you do?’ I told him I was directing Edward and Mrs Simpson and he replied, ‘Fancy! I had no idea we’d have colonials telling us about our lives.’ After dinner this man said, ‘Ugh, I really don’t think I can be in the same room as that man over there,’ pointing to me. I stood up and said, ‘I’m going to spare you that embarrassment. One thing I will say is I was brought up to be polite and a gentleman under your British rule, and I know what the rules are. Some of you obviously don’t. I’m going to leave now.’”
In writing his memoirs, he said he hoped he might be providing “a beacon for the younger generation who might want to know what I have done.”
Banu Mushtaq has made literary history by becoming the first Kannada writer to win the International Booker Prize. The 2025 award was given for her short story collection Heart Lamp, a collaboration with translator Deepa Bhasthi, who rendered the work into English. The pair will share the £50,000 prize, which was presented at a ceremony at London’s Tate Modern on 20 May.
Published by Penguin Random House India, Heart Lamp is a collection of twelve short stories written between 1990 and 2023. It explores the lives of women in southern India, particularly in Karnataka, portraying their struggles and strength within patriarchal communities. The stories are grounded in regional oral storytelling traditions and have been praised for their wit, vividness and emotional depth.
Chair of the judging panel, Max Porter, called the book “a radical translation which ruffles language, to create new textures in a plurality of Englishes,” adding that the result is “genuinely new for English readers.”
Mushtaq, who is also known for her work as a lawyer and activist, reflected on the significance of the award during her acceptance speech. “This book was born from the belief that no story is ever small,” she said. “In a world that often tries to divide us, literature remains one of the lost sacred spaces where we can live inside each other's minds, if only for a few pages.”
Bhasthi’s translation has been praised for preserving the multilingual and musical essence of the original Kannada text. She chose to retain Kannada, Urdu and Arabic words in the English version, aiming to reflect the region’s everyday speech patterns. Speaking at a recent event at Champaca Bookstore in Bengaluru, she said, “None of us speaks ‘proper English’ in Karnataka… I wanted Indian readers to hear the deliberate Kannada hum behind it.”
In an earlier interview with The New Indian Express, Mushtaq addressed the personal dimensions of her writing. “I was asked to write about my contexts, and so I did. But at the same time, I didn’t want to be confined within the identity of the ‘Muslim woman’,” she said.
Heart Lamp is the first short story collection to win the International Booker Prize and only the second Indian title overall, following Geetanjali Shree’s Tomb of Sand, which won in 2022.
Fiammetta Rocco, Administrator of the prize, described the book as “a testament to the enduring fight for women's rights, translated with sympathy and ingenuity,” encouraging readers of all backgrounds to engage with its themes.
The 2025 shortlist featured works translated from Danish, French, Japanese and Italian. Each shortlisted book received £5,000, divided between the author and translator.
A NEW dance-theatre production explores how women enforce patriarchal rules upon their daughters and the consequent impact on family and societal structures, its artistic director said.
Choreographer Amina Khayyam uses Kathak, the classical Indian dance in her new production – Bibi Rukiya’s Reckless Daughter – to raise awareness about gender prejudice in ethnic communities.
In an interview with Eastern Eye, Khayyam also stressed the importance of mutual support among women during challenging situations.
Loosely based on Federico García Lorca’s The House of Bernarda Alba, the 70-minute show is set in modern, inner-city migrant communities.
The story centres on widow Bibi Rukiya, who restricts her three daughters’ freedom to maintain family honour and secure marriages. One daughter challenges her mother’s authority and questions her role as a woman.
Khayyam said, “I have a fondness for Lorca and the subjects he covers, particularly because they still resonate in our communities and culture. I work with women’s groups across the UK, particularly those who have difficult backgrounds like domestic violence or mental health issues, and I find those stories from Lorca really resonate with these communities,”
Bibi Rukiya was created over 18 months through workshops with women’s community groups across Britain. Participants collaborated with professional artists from the Amina Khayyam Dance Company to explore mother-daughter relationships.
Khayyam said these shaped the content and ensured the production reflects genuine experiences.
“I take the subject to them and then explore it through movement and storytelling, hearing their perspectives. When these women come back to see the performance, they see themselves and can relate to the stories,” the artist said.
Workshops were conducted in London, Luton and Birmingham for the production and more than 250 women took part.
Khayyam said, “Our show examines how women impose patriarchal rules on their daughters and the consequences thereof. We investigate why women perpetuate these structures and whom they serve by doing so, facilitating self-discovery, rather than providing answers.
“Centuries of conditioning have established clear, hierarchical gender roles in our society. Women who’ve experienced lifelong suffering often expect their daughters and daughters-in-law to endure similar hardships, following the principle, ‘I suffered, so you suffer now’, rather than breaking this cycle.
“We express these revelations through dance, movement and storytelling, bringing professional dancers and female musicians to the stage. Participants are encouraged to articulate their experiences in their native languages – Punjabi, Gujarati, Bengali, Hindi and English – which we then develop into poetry or narrative.”
She added, “We teach Kathak basics and mudras, providing theatrical elements that combine movement and text. While some participants initially resist dancing due to cultural taboos, most ultimately embrace it upon discovering its emotional benefits. We maintain women-only environments to ensure participants feel safe to express themselves freely.”
Khayyam, who is British Bangladeshi, began her Kathak dance training with Alpana Sengupta and progressed to professional level with Sushmita Ghosh at The Bhavan in London.
She then made her professional debut at the Southbank Centre.
Describing the use of Kathak to express complex emotions in the show, she said, “Kathak comes from katha, which means storyteller. We explore many different emotions within our form, and as we are storytellers, it lends itself to tell those stories. “In Kathak, we have many different tools – like spins with rhythmic footwork – as well as storytelling mudras, head gestures; all of this can come into play when we’re creating stories.”
Khayyam said the show uses music, movement and footwork to depict complex themes.
“In one scene there’s a conflict between the mother and the three daughters. We’re adapting it to three daughters as opposed to the five daughters originally in the book. There’s something called sawal jawab – question and answer.
“Through the footwork, the daughters are having a huge head-to-head with each other, and one of the best ways to bring that positively and impactfully is through sawal jawab – asking questions and giving answers – only through footwork.”
Set up in 2013 and based in Slough, the Amina Khayyam Dance Company has 15 pieces of work to its credit, with 160 shows in 40 venues in the UK and abroad.
Khayyam said her hope was for audiences to “go away and think about what they just saw”.
She added, “Sometimes we’re quite blinkered; we just carry on with life without questioning things, and I would like people to be able to question.
“Second, I’d like those south Asian women, both those we’ve worked with and those we haven’t, to be able to stop and think, ‘This is something we have in our community. How do we deal with this? How do we change it? How do we evolve this situation and empower these women who are trapped in it?’ With every show we’ve done in the past, we like to leave a question with the audience.
“It’s also about awareness. Sometimes we walk down the street and there’s a huge tree, but we never notice it – we take it for granted. Then suddenly we look up and think, “Wow, this tree is amazing.” We want to bring this kind of awareness into their lives, to recognise what’s happening and how we can help each other.
“In the workshops with women, I stressed that they need to support each other, because often that support isn’t there. We’re judging a lot, gossiping, and we need to support each other when we see difficult situations. That’s what I would like the show to bring about.”
Bibi Rukiya’sReckless Daughter will have its premiere at the Birmingham Hippodrome next Thursday (22) and Friday (23), followed by a national tour starting in autumn 2025
Susan Stronge was understandably a little emotional as she spoke to Eastern Eye last Monday (5), the final day of the exhibition on The Great Mughals: Art, Architecture and Opulence, the exhibition she curated at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
The exhibition opened on 9 November 2024 to celebrate “the extraordinary creative output and internationalist culture of the golden age of the Mughal court (about 1560–1660), during the reigns of its most famous emperors: Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan.”
There was a large crowd on the last day to catch one more glimpse of the jewellery, paintings, armour, textiles, carpets and other works of art before they were taken down to make way for the next exhibition, Marie Antoinette Style: Shaped by the most fashionable queen in history, in September.
By any reckoning, The Great Mughals has been a huge success. On the final day, Stronge wandered through the gallery, listening to visitors’ chatter – few of them aware she was the curator who had selected the objects now holding them spellbound.
A gem-set dagger, pendant and flask
“I’ll miss it when it goes,” she admitted. “But I’m very, very pleased it’s been so successful and people have obviously enjoyed it. I quite liked eavesdropping on people who are talking to each other about the objects. I heard a couple who were looking at the jewelled jade pendant that arguably could have been made for Jahangir. The chap looked at it and said it was worth coming just to see that one piece. I thought that was fantastic.
“I am struck by the number of people who tell me they have been two, three, four, five, even 10 times. I have a Pakistani friend from Lahore, who is now in London, and he was coming every Friday and he was in week six.”
The Great Mughals was Stronge’s swansong after 49 years at the V&A. She formally retired in February as senior curator in the Asian department, where she had mentored many over the decades. Another of her exhibitions that she feels has left “a significant legacy” was The Art of the Sikh Kingdoms in 1999.
She said: “I have got a three-year position in the museum as an honorary senior research fellow in the research department of the V&A Research Institute.”
Although she is now recognised as a leading scholar in Sikh and Mughal art, she feels she came into the field almost by accident.
“A happy accident,” she acknowledged.
A model of the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal
She is a Yorkshire girl who grew up in Ripon in a family where visiting museums wasn’t the done thing. She initially did voluntary work in Norwich, at the Castle Museum and in Strangers’ Hall, a Grade I listed building. She didn’t know it then, but her life was set to change when she applied for, and got, a job as an assistant at the V&A in 1976.
“I was told at the interview I’d be in ceramics, metalwork or the press office,” she recalled. “When I turned up for work, the first day, they said, ‘Oh, you are in (what was then) the Indian section.’ This was a surprise, but also disconcerting, because I knew nothing about India, its history and culture. The keeper of the department was John Irwin, who was a very distinguished textile historian.
“I did an MA at SOAS in South Asia studies and was taught by John Burton-Page, who was a fantastic teacher of Mughal architecture and art. It snowballed from there as I got more and more interested. We did interesting exhibitions (at the V&A) under Robert Skelton’s leadership. We did Arts of Bengal in 1979. No two years were the same. We were given so many opportunities.”
Her interest in Mughal art “evolved over many years. I’ve been teaching a lot on South Asian art courses”.
She found the Western way of defining fine or decorative art “did not apply at all to Mughal or other Eastern arts. So, I started thinking about how to present it.
“I did a book many years ago (2010) called Made for Mughal Emperors: Royal Treasures from Hindustan which was published by Roli in India. I did it by theme, and took things like the institution of the royal household, the imperial treasury. It was much more rooted in telling the cultural story of the history and atmosphere of the court.”
She likes the word “Hindustan”, because the art of pre-Partition India takes in present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Myanmar. It was also what the Mughals called their own territories.
Coming to the present, she said that when the V&A’s current director, Tristram Hunt, “said he would like a South Asian exhibition, I suggested The Great Mughals, and it was added to the schedule – though plans were later disrupted by the pandemic.”
And, a floorspread
She began by considering the objects she could pick, and is grateful for the loans from the Al-Sabah collection in Kuwait. She said the late Sheikh Nasser “had an absolute passion for Mughal art”, and his wife, Sheikha Hussa, had been “incredibly generous”.
Stronge offered an insight into her approach to curating the exhibition: “I wanted to show the very great art produced over 100 years under Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan. I also wanted to explain something of the history and the cultural context, and also show how hybrid the culture was. That is reflected in the hybridity of the art.
“In the West you tend to see Hindu and Muslim in completely separate categories. That’s not the reality. People share in each other’s religious festivals. That’s why in the studies of art history, ‘Islamic art’ is an almost meaningless term.
“Art historians (in the West) can’t quite place the Mughal empire, because it is not purely Islamic. The rulers are Muslim, but the majority of the population was Hindu. Akbar had Hindu wives and Jahangir had a Hindu mother. It’s not something that fits into Western categorisation. It’s much more hybrid. That’s something I wanted to get across – and how remarkable the artists were. Most of us, certainly me, had never heard of them before I joined the V&A. People like Ustad Mansur, Abu’l-Hasan, and the Iranian master Sa’ida Gilani, a goldsmith who crafted jade artefacts. What is so frustrating is how little we know about their lives or backgrounds.
“The thing that surprises many people is the primacy of the Persian language in the Mughal courts. It was the cultural language of the court, whether you were Hindu or Muslim. One of the leading poets under Jahangir was a Brahmin writing in Persian. I wanted to show the internationalism of the court, the importance of the Persian language and the beauty of the objects. Then there are things, like enamelling, which is a difficult craft. It comes from a foreign technique but becomes completely Mughal and sensational.”
Some of the craft techniques had survived, passed down from one generation to the next.
“There’s this wonderful continuity,” she commented.
She said the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, for example, was trying to revive “the craft of inlaying wood with mother of pearl. They wanted to copy a canopy that had been made in Gujarat and moved to a shrine in Nizamuddin in Delhi. They wanted to put it in their new museum. And, in doing so, they revived a craft that had been completely lost.
“They had to reinvent it almost by trial and error, and they’ve done it to perfection. We showed a short film about the technique in the exhibition.”
Perhaps most important of all, what her exhibition shows is that the Mughals were and remain an integral part of India, its history and its culture.
“If you remove them (from India’s history), you’re removing some of the greatest monuments in the world from the narrative, aren’t you?” she pointed out.
“How do you explain the Taj Mahal, the forts in Delhi and Agra, the endless tombs and monuments? If you don’t know the historical context, you’re losing a lot. It’s something to be proud of.
“If you’ve got a country with a Taj Mahal, it’s something to celebrate.”
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Darren Henley : Art can make people happier and healthier
Darren Henley posed the question: “What’s our higher aim at the Arts Council?” And he offered the answer: “If I have my three words, it’s ‘creating happier lives’.” He firmly believes the arts bring happiness.
In the 10 years he has travelled to every corner of England as chief executive of Arts Council England, Henley has been greatly encouraged by the British Asian artistic fraternity. Many are beholden to the Arts Council.
He spoke warmly, for instance, of Indhu Rubasingham’s inaugural programme as artistic director of the National Theatre, and also of others such as dancer Sita Patel, Milap Fest in Liverpool, and the Rifco Theatre Company in Watford.
Speaking ahead of Eastern Eye’s annual Arts, Culture & Theatre Awards (ACTA) next Friday (23), he displayed a remarkable mastery of his subject – which is also evident in the latest edition of his book, The Arts Dividend: How Investment in Culture Creates Happier Lives.
Darren Henley's book
First written in 2016, the book was revised in 2020, just before the pandemic, and again in 2025. Henley sees parallels between his work and a classic hailed as “the finest book about England and the English”.
Henley writes: “Although I can’t claim to write with anything approaching his supreme elegance, style or enduring impact, I like to think that this book follows in the tradition of JB Priestley’s 1934 classic, English Journey.”
That said, Henley is lucid and clear: “Like Priestley, I hope to shine a spotlight on parts of England – and their artists, arts organisations, museums and libraries – that have not always enjoyed the nationwide attention they deserve, nor the benefits such attention can bring.
“Unlike Priestley, I cannot lay claim to the best subtitle of any work in this genre: ‘Being a rambling but truthful account of what one man saw and heard and felt and thought during a journey through England during the autumn of the year 1933.’ But this, too, is a book rooted in the reality of what I have witnessed on a non-stop journey through villages, towns and cities right across England.
“It is, I suppose, my own rambling, but truthful account of what I saw and heard and felt and thought as I journeyed through England’s arts and culture scene some nine decades after Priestley did.”
In his First Word, Henley says: “My central argument – that public investment in art and culture can help people to lead happier, healthier, more fulfilling lives – remains the same.”
Indhu Rubasingham
On “Reflecting Everyone’s Diversity”, he seeks to be inclusive: “When I talk about diversity in this book, I am referring to people who possess one or more of the personal characteristics that are protected under the law by the Equality Act of 2010: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation.”
He states: “The colour of an actor’s skin shouldn’t be something that needs to be remarked on here. But I believe I must, because there is still a long way to go in the creative industries to ensure that our workforce is sufficiently reflective of the way England looks today.”
Like Priestley, Henley has also focused on Bradford: “During my visits to Bradford over the past few years, I have always been left buzzing with excitement by the Bradford Literature Festival, under the leadership of Syima Aslam. Its artistic programming, which has the explicit aim of reflecting the work of people from all communities, has created one of the most diverse UK literary festivals in existence. With investment from Bradford University, Bradford Metropolitan District Council and Arts Council England, Syima and her team have created a cultural and literary festival designed for everyone in the city. Now, with increased national and international focus on Bradford as UK City of Culture 2025 – and the largest investment in literature of any of Arts Council England’s National Portfolio Organisations – more people will come to enjoy the artistic breadth and richness that the festival has to offer.”
Creative director Shanaz Gulzar and executive director Dan Bates at the launch of Bradford 2025 UK City of Culture, where Syima Aslam’s literature festival is central to the city’s arts scene
He also writes of catching Peanut Butter & Blueberries at the Kiln Theatre in Kilburn. Directed by Sameena Hussain, this beautiful, warm and witty debut full-length play by Suhaiymah Manzoor-Khan featured superb performances by Humera Syed and Usaamah Ibraheem Hussain.
This was, of course, where Rubasingham served as artistic director before breaking the glass ceiling to lead the National Theatre.
In his interview with Eastern Eye, conducted in the offices of the Arts Council in London, Henley stressed: “The National is really important. It is our national theatre. They do great work here in London, but they also have a network of work that we invest in as it takes it round the country.”
It has helped the play Dear England to go on tour.
The National gets more than £16 million (₹1.68 billion) from the Arts Council and £25 million (₹2.63 billion) in capital investment from the government.
He talked about Rubasingham’s appointment, a landmark in the evolution of British Asian artists: “Indhu’s is a fantastic, brilliant appointment for the National Theatre.
“I think she’s a very intelligent, thoughtful theatre practitioner. The work that she did at Kiln was absolutely outstanding. She will be a really exciting, creative leader at the National Theatre.” He said her inaugural programme “has been well received. She’ll enable a new generation of other directors and writers to come to the stage. She’s looking out to the world, in terms of what we can take from here, our National Theatre, to the world, but also what can we bring from the world to our National Theatre.”
Recalling some of the British Asian performances he had found memorable, he said: “Sita Patel did a fantastic Rite of Spring with the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, which I saw at Sadler’s Wells. She’s a dance artist, and they worked together on that. I’m very fond of the work that Milap Fest does in Liverpool. In terms of a British Asian theatre company, the work that Rifco do, based at Watford Palace, is really exciting. It’s growing, and talking to all sorts of audiences from all sorts of backgrounds.”
A still from the BBC crime drama Virdee, featuring Staz Nair and Aysha Kala
He mentioned Rifco’s forthcoming production of Surinderella: “They are going to do a fusion of Bollywood and pantomime. I haven’t seen that anywhere before. Each has a set of rules around which they do things. I’m curious to see how those two things fuse together.”
As in his book, he talked to Eastern Eye about the Arts Council’s investment in Bradford. With a large Muslim population, it is, of course, very different from the almost exclusively white city that Bradford-born Priestley had encountered.
“Bradford ’25 is a city where we have put a lot of money in,” confirmed Henley. “It’s created some really interesting and exciting artwork. It’s changing the stories that people who live there tell about the place. It’s making them a more demanding, more entitled audience. That’s a really positive thing we want. I want people to feel comfortable about demanding more of us as an investor in their artistic and cultural lives. They should. It’s their right.”
In passing, he praised BBC TV’s six-part crime drama Virdee, set in Bradford and based on local author A A Dhand’s novel City of Sinners.
He commented: “I suppose what’s interesting for someone like me is we are making an investment in creative people, and you don’t always know what’s going to come out of that. And I love it when everyone gets it right. That’s where innovation happens.”
He does not see British Asian arts being in a ghetto and separate from the mainstream: “This is not something that should be on the margins. You have amazing artists who are making amazing work for audiences. Sometimes, they will make work for discrete audiences and smaller groupings, but, often, they’ll make work for audiences from every background, because in the end, we’re talking about stories, we’re talking about artistic moments.”
Henley resolved right at the outset that far from working from home or in his office, he would spend half the week travelling around England. In his book, he writes: “After 18 months in the job, I stopped counting the places that I’d been to. By then, my tally had reached 157 different villages, towns and cities around England. In fact, I suspect that I’ve seen more artistic performances and exhibitions, visited more cultural organisations, and met more artists and art groups than anyone else in England during the past decade. Doing the job that I do, that’s exactly as it should be.”
Publicity poster for Rifco’s upcoming production Surinderella
All being well, he is expected to attend this year’s ACTA ceremony – and maintain the tradition of announcing the winner of the Emerging Artist category.
It was one of his colleagues who first tipped him off about Priestley’s English Journey many years ago.
Although he has long given up keeping a tally, he reassured Eastern Eye: “I’ve probably been everywhere that you’ve been on a train. I try to get off and go to those places. Obviously, I’ve been to all the big cities, but also to the towns that surround those places and to a lot of rural areas as well. I’ve been literally everywhere from Cumbria to Cornwall, Northumberland to Kent. I’ve tried to spread my time over the whole country to get a real understanding of the infrastructure and what makes our cultural sector. A big part of my job is advocating to government and the value of the investment they put into it.”
According to the government’s own figures, the creative industries earned the UK £124 billion (₹13 trillion) in 2023. No one has assessed what the British Asian contribution is, but it must now be significant. That is likely to grow because of the cultural agreement between the UK and India recently signed by culture secretary Lisa Nandy during a trip to Mumbai and Delhi.
Arts Council England, whose 10-year strategy for creativity runs from 2020 to 2030, will work closely with the Labour government and the culture secretary of the day. “But we work at arm’s length from the government,” Henley made clear. “One of the things that’s crucial for us is that artists have the freedom to make the work they want to make, have the conversations they want to have, have the thoughts and innovation they want to have.”
Altogether, to the 1,000 National Portfolio Organisations supported by the Arts Council, 275 new ones were added in the funding round in 2023.
JB Priestley’s English Journey
“We brought a lot of new organisations into the fold,” Henley pointed out. “I also believe passionately, that we need to have organisations that are making work and are led by people reflective of the whole country. New writing is important. New performers, new ways of doing things are important. Sometimes, it’s older or more traditional stories, but told in a completely new context. Shakespeare is utterly relevant. If you drill down into what Shakespeare is, it’s a set of stories often about relationships or situations that were obviously written a long time ago, but they’re absolutely relevant today.”
He does not like the word “subsidise” to describe the grants given by the Arts Council. “We make an investment, because I think ‘subsidised’ feels like market failure,” he argued. “Investment is more about possibility. We invest public money into individuals, artists and organisations, and we do that to improve people’s lives. The work that they do makes other people’s lives better. There’s no nobler thing to do than public investment to create happier lives. Happiness is a word I want to sort of reclaim. I don’t think it’s a weak word. Why are we on this earth if we don’t want to be happy? Isn’t it amazing that when you see a great performance, a dance or music or theatre, or you go to a gallery and see an amazing picture in front of you, it can take you to a different place? We need to talk about happiness more. We need to understand the things that make life worth living.
Rakesh Chaurasia performing at a Milap event
“It is also worth saying that art and culture and artists can also actually help conversations around the tougher things in life as well. That’s something quite unique that an artist can curate.”
He could have been referring to a play like Tanika Gupta’s A Tupperware of Ashes, which premiered at the National last year and dealt with the subject of dementia.
The Arts Council has a programme in Leicester called Talent 25, in which children are selected and exposed to museums, galleries, concerts and other cultural experiences over 25 years to assess what effect such an intervention has on their lives.
Poster for Peanut Butter & Blueberries, staged at the Kiln Theatre
Henley’s views on getting children to enjoy the arts will be taken to heart, especially by British Asian parents. He referred to one museum “where the chief executive bought a load of knee pads for his colleagues, and they went round on their knees to see what it would be like to be a toddler or a small child, what they could and couldn’t see”.
“Children are a really important audience,” he said, adding their experiences have to be age-appropriate. “We want to create the artists and also the audiences of the future. To be absolutely clear, you’ve got to be able to read and write, you’ve got to be able to add up. You should have an understanding of science and languages. What we need to make sure is we build the rounded human beings that we want to see in our society. Music and drama and art and design should be part of the core curriculum at school. For me, the three pillars of a really strong education for any young person are numeracy, literacy and creativity.”